Gas Insulated Substations

An essential reference guide to gas-insulated substations
The  second edition of Gas Insulated Substations (GIS) is an all-inclusive  reference guide to gas insulated substations (GIS) and its advanced  technologies. Updated to the latest technical developments and  applications, the guide covers basic physics of gas insulated systems,  SF6 insulating gas and its alternatives, safety aspects and factors to  choose GIS. GIS technology, its modular structure, control and  monitoring systems, testing, installation rules and guidelines for  operation, specification, and maintenance. Detailed information on  various types for GIS, with 14 reference project explanations and three  extensive case studies give information for the best solutions of  practical applications. Special solutions using mobile substations  concepts, mixed technology switchgear (MTS) with air and gas insulated  technology, underground substations, and the use of special GIS  substation buildings e.g., shopping centers, parking lots, city parks,  business complexes’ or subway stations are explained. Future  developments of GIS technology are shown for the next steps in  alternatives to SF6, low power instrument transformers, and  digitalization of substations.
A new chapter explains advanced  technologies applied to GIS projects which cover the following;  environmental issues for the substation permission process, insulation  coordination studies for the network requirements including very fast  transients, project scope development, risk-based asset management,  health and safety impact, electromagnetic fields, SF6 decomposition  byproducts and condition assessment.
Disruptive development steps  in gas insulated substations technologies are also covered in this  second edition. Vacuum breaking and switching technology for rated  voltages of up to 500 kV is explained in detail with its physical  background. Principle function and possible implementation of low power  instrument transformers (LPIT) are explained and examples of  applications are given. The principles of digital twin for gas insulated  substations (GIS) and gas insulated transmission lines (GIL) are  explained in theory and project applications show the practical use and  advantage. The wide and fast-growing technical field of offshore GIS  applications for AC and DC is explained on many examples and gives  information on special requirements when getting offshore. Theoretical  requirements on DC gas insulated systems, methods of testing, prototype  installation tests, modular design features, and advantages in  applications are given. Finally, impact and advantages of digital  substations using GIS are explained.

Key features
Written by leading GIS experts involved in development and project applications
Discusses practical and theoretical aspects
Detailed material of GIS for new and experienced GIS users, and project planners
Invaluable  guide to practicing electrical, mechanical and civil engineers as well  as third- and fourth-year electric power engineering students